Malin's notes
gnu/linux
To change ownership of everything that's not already owned by a user
find /home/rtorrent/ ! -user rtorrent -exec chown rtorrent:rtorrent {} \; &
rtl8812AU
https://github.com/abperiasamy/rtl8812AU_8821AU_linux.git
remove led-disco
/etc/modprobe.d/8188eu-blacklist.conf
options 8812au rtw_led_enable=0
LVM
rename Volume Group (VG)
mdadm
for dev in $( lsblk | awk '/sd[a-z].*1,8T/ { print }' ); do echo =============================== $dev ============================ ; smartctl -a /dev/$dev ; done | pastebinit
mdadm --remove /dev/md0 failed # all failed devices
mdadm --remove /dev/md0 detached # failed ones that aren't in /dev anymore
ip addr add 192.168.0.101/24 dev eth0 ; ip route add default via 192.168.0.1 dev eth0
Mulig rekkefølge med forbehold om at et ikke stemmer, for å endre vg navn på vg med root-partisjon vgchange gammel-vg ny-vg vgchange -ay
endre i /etc/fstab
grub-install /dev/XxX
update-initramfs -k all -u
reboot
Crossflash Dell PERC H200 from ir to it-mode
The short answer
I slightly followed this guide:
The longer answer is. I followed the guide, this way, but did it a little different
The longer answer
Prepare a usb memory stick formatted as fat32 with two folders called P07 and P20
Step 1 download old firmware
1. Download this zip archive from dell and unzip it: https://downloads.dell.com/FOLDER02950081M/1/Y2R1T_9211_FW.zip?uid=f06bb69a-8c88-4a54-ac7b-ee8826244140&fn=Y2R1T_9211_FW.zip
2. Extract 6GBPSAS.FW from Y2R1T_9211_FW/Firmware/6GbpsSASHBA_07.03.06.00_A10
3. Extract 2118it.bin from FY2R1T_9211_FW/Firmware/9211-8i_P7/
4. Extract sas2flash.efi from Y2R1T_9211_FW/sas2flash/p05/efi/
5. Place the three extracted files in the P07 folder
Step 2 download current firmware
1. Extract 2118it.bin from Y2R1T_9211_FW/Firmware/9211-8i/P20/
2. Download this zip https://docs.broadcom.com/docs-and-downloads/host-bus-adapters/host-bus-adapters-common-files/sas_sata_6g_p20/Installer_P20_for_UEFI.zip
3. Extract sas2flash.efi from Installer_P20_for_UEFI/sas2flash_efi_ebc_rel/
4. Place this to extracted files in the P20 folder
Step 3 download uefi shell
1. Download an uefi shell: x86_64 UEFI SHELL I choosed version 1 as it worked for the person in the guide Direct download link
2. Extract Shell_Full.efi to the root of the memory stick. I had to rename it to Shellx64.efi to use it with my motherboard, asus P8H67_M_EVO. Check with you motherboard vendor to determine how to use efi-shell
Step 4 flashing
1. boot computer to efi shell
2. If not present with a list with devices, type
map -b
2. On my computer the memory stick is called fs0 so I typed fs0: to change prompt to the memory stick
3.
cd P07
4.
sas2flash -listall
will show the controller. If not, check if it is installed to a pci-e port 5.
sas2flash.efi -c 0 -list
will show controller details and take a note of the sas address number 6.
sas2flash.efi -o -e 6
will erase the old firmware and boot rom 7.
sas2flash.efi -o -f 6GBPSAS.FW
writes the dell 6gbs firmware 8.
sas2flash.efi -o -f 2118it.bin
writes the P07 firmware
9. Then I rebooted
10. boot into efi again
11.
cd P20
12.
sas2flash.efi -o -f 2118it.bin writes the P20 firmware
Notes
Directly copied from the source, step number changed to fit my tutorial:
1. Step 6 showed “Erasing Flash Region” and then after a while “ERROR: Erase Flash Operation Failed!”. I simply proceeded and the error did not appear to affect anything.
2. Visit source to get screenshots vit the error messages
Compile rtorrent libtorrent and xmlrpc-c
libtorrent
rtorrent
./configure --prefix=/usr --with-xmlrpc-c |tee /tmp/conf.log
vim
- Merk Noe Og Trykk U For Å Få Det I Lowercase, U For Uppercase ;)
- stor v for visual line eller liten for visual der du må merke noe manuelt
- ok. jeg glemte å markere først :p
- oki :)
- iT'S cAPS lOCK DAY!
- trykk ~ for å endre fra stor til liten bokstav ;)
- legg i toppen av dokumentet for å endre inrykk, etc
vim:ts=4:sw=4:sts=4:et:ai
grub
Repair GRUB from Windows
To repair efi bootloader/grub from windows
Open powershell as admin and execute the following command
bcdedit.exe /set "{bootmgr}" path \EFI\{distro}\grubx64.efi
if you are running debian, it will look like this:
bcdedit.exe /set "{bootmgr}" path \EFI\debian\grubx64.efi
Repair/install GRUB on EFI from live-usb
source=https://askubuntu.com/questions/831216/how-can-i-reinstall-grub-to-the-efi-partition/831241#831241
mount /dev/sdXY /mnt
If you have seperatate boot-partition:
mount /dev/sdXX /mnt/boot
and finally mount the efi-partition under boot:
mount /dev/sdXZ /mnt/boot/efi/
Bind-mount some system partitions from the live-system:
for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys /run; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done
chroot /mnt
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-root=/dev/sdXZ
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
NOTE: Note : sdX = disk | sdXX = boot partition | sdXY = system partition | sdXZ = efi partition
Troubleshooting
EFI variables are not supported on this system.
source:https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=1349414#p1349414
From outside chroot:
modprobe efivarfs
From inside chroot:
mount -t efivarfs efivarfs /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
Boot Linux from GRUB shell
Something went down the alley and you're now stuck in the grub shell, or that's what you think :)
First we need to figure out what partition our linux root-partition is on
the command ls will list all disks and partitions
to find what partition it is on, do:
cat (hd0,gpt1)/etc/issue
do this with the different disksk and partitions until you find one that outputs a line that says something about what Linux flavlour you are running. On Arch it will look like this:
Arch Linux \r (\l)
So if we say the root partition on Arch Linux was on (hd0,gpt2) you will need to run
root=(hd0,gpt2)
This must be adjusted to fit your system.
Next we need to tell what kernel we will run and what device (dev) the root-partition ison:
linux /boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/nvme0n1p2
If the root-partion is on a m2-card and is on the second partition on device nvme0n1, do as above.
Use autocomplete (tab-complete) if you want a more specific kernel-version
Next we need to choose the initramfs image
initrd /boot/initramfs.img
Use tab-complete to find a more specifici version to match a more specicific kernel in the previous step
Now it's time to boot:
boot
libvirt
setup new vm from a template
If you have a qcow2 vm template, clone it.:
If you clone a qcow2 in use, stop the vm first:
virsh stop {domain-vm-name}
Then clone the qcow2
virt-clone --original {Domain-Vm-Name-Here} --name {New-Domain-Vm-Name-Here} --auto-clone
Configure your VM to your likings either by virt-manager (gui) or by cli
Start the new vm and log in, either by ssh, or via virt-manager
Change hostname to match the new name of the VM
sudo -i vi /etc/hostname
vi /etc/hosts
to match the name of the new VM
Example. change:
127.0.1.1 debian-stretch-mal.debian-stretch-mal.local debian-stretch-mal
to
127.0.1.1 new-name-vm.new-name-vm.local new-name-vm
Also add a line for the ip to the server who runs the VM and for the backup server if you have one, like this
192.168.X.X hostname.domain.xx hostname
change local ip to a free address
vi /etc/network/interfaces
and add the new ip in on the host
/etc/hosts
Make ssh keys:
ssh-keygen
go with the defaults by hit enter, when prompted for questions
copy the the public key from
.ssh/id_rsa.pub
If bareos is setup on the qcow2 vm template you also need to change the following line in bareos filedaemon config to match your new vm
vi /etc/bareos/bareos-fd.conf
FileDaemon {
Name = new-name-vm.domain.xx-fd
- sources
https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-clone-existing-kvm-virtual-machine-images-on-linux/
Batch operations on VMs
To shut down all running virtual machines, do:
for vm in $( virsh list | awk '/running/ { print $2 }' ) ; do virsh shutdown $vm ; done
To start up all virtual machines from a folder with xml-files representing an individual virtual machine, do:
for f in *.xml ; do vm=$( basename $f .xml ) ; virsh start $vm ; done
add bareos client
If you already have a bareos backup server
on the new vm or computer you want to backup to bareos
Install bareos-filedaemon on the client if it's not already installed
apt install bareos-filedaemon systemctl enable bareos-filedaemon.service
Then log into the bareos server and run bconsole
configure add client name=new-name-vm address=192.168.X.X password=SOME_PASSWORD
Then the config is saved to
/etc/bareos/bareos-dir-export/client/svennd/bareos-fd.d/director/bareos-dir.conf
Copy it to the client in:
/etc/bareos/bareos-fd.d/directory/bareos-dir.conf
- sources
https://www.svennd.be/adding-a-linux-client-to-bareos/
IRC
Renew ssl cert
source= https://github.com/ubergeek42/weechat-android/wiki/Using-SSL-with-WeeChat#generating-a-self-signed-certificate= To create a certificate with a domain:
export HOSTNAME=example.org
From within ~/.weechat/ssl do:
openssl req -x509 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout relay.pem -extensions san_env \
-subj "/O=WeeChat/CN=$HOSTNAME" \
-config <(cat /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf <(printf "\n[ san_env ]\nsubjectAltName=DNS:\${ENV::HOSTNAME}")) \
-days 365 -out relay.pem
Then within weechat, reload to the new certificate
/relay sslcertkey
DNS with rndc
Manipulating dns with rndc
login to the computer/vm that takes care of DNS
ZONE=<domain>.<countrycode> ; rndc freeze $ZONE && vi /etc/bind/$ZONE.zone ; rndc thaw $ZONE ; tail -f /var/log/daemon.log
Do it like this:
rndc freeze domain.no
Edit stuff in open and you can add stuff:
<text-editor> /etc/bind/domain.no.zone
| Example |
If you use the text editor nano it will look like this:
nano /etc/bind/domain.no.zone |
Edit the file according to this:
<vm-domain-name-vm> AAAA ipv6-adr <vm-domain-name-vm> A ipv4-adr <vm-domain-name> CNAME <vm-domain-name>
example:
test-vm AAAA ipv6-adr test-vm A ipv4-adr test CNAME test-vm
Don't have same domain on both A/AAAA and CNAME
Before you save and exit, add serial number to zone-file format: YYYYMMDDxx
Oneliner to run. change domain.no to your domain
rndc freeze domain.no && vi /etc/bind/karlsbakk.net.zone ; rndc thaw domain.no ; tail -f /var/log/daemon.log
Local script to run
Open the local ddns-update.sh script and add test-vm to VM= variabel if not already present
If you don't want to wait for the script to run automatically from cron, run it with the force flag
ddns-update.sh --force
Troubleshooting
Ipv4 not updated when address changes
check if you remembered to thaw the zone
SSH
TAB-complete
vi .ssh/config
Then add lines like this:
Host <name> # space between multiple names
user admin # optional if you want to add username to log in with
Hostname <ipaddress>/<domain/hostname>
Port 2022 # optional add if port is other than default 22
Example
Host test-vm test
Hostname test-vm.test.no
postgres
backup with restic and file quotes
in debian you will need the package: quota
make a lv or something with a filesystem on it
in fstab block - mountpoint filesystem defaults,usrquota 0 0